https://amandarivkin.com/ weekly 1.0 https://amandarivkin.com/contact monthly 0.8 https://amandarivkin.com/awards monthly 0.8 https://amandarivkin.com/exhibits monthly 0.8 https://amandarivkin.com/bio monthly 0.8 https://amandarivkin.com/baku-tbilisi-ceyhan-oil-pipeline monthly 0.8 https://amandarivkin.com/odessa-diary monthly 0.8 https://amandarivkin.com/turkey-in-transition monthly 0.8 https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey01.jpg ERZURUM, TURKEY. Turkish Prime Minister Recep Erdogan departs a political rally in support of the September 12 referendum which would change the nature of the country's constitutional court to solidify the hold of the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) under the pretext that it would prevent future military coups, in Turkey's conservative far northeast on August 13, 2010. Erzurum is the first major city near the route of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline in Turkey, located just 10 kilometers from the pipeline which traverses numerous villages near the city's airport. ERZURUM, TURKEY. Turkish Prime Minister Recep Erdogan departs a political rally in support of the September 12 referendum which would change the nature of the country's constitutional court to solidify the hold of the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) under the pretext that it would prevent future military coups, in Turkey's conservative far northeast on August 13, 2010. Erzurum is the first major city near the route of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline in Turkey, located just 10 kilometers from the pipeline which traverses numerous villages near the city's airport. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey02.jpg ISTANBUL, TURKEY. A woman walks through Taksim Square just before the start of Ramadan at sundown on July 9, 2013. Since demonstrators occupied the adjacent Gezi Park for two and a half weeks last month, police have maintained a heavy presence in Taksim Square and periodic clashes have erupted as demonstrators have returned to the square in protest of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan. ISTANBUL, TURKEY. A woman walks through Taksim Square just before the start of Ramadan at sundown on July 9, 2013. Since demonstrators occupied the adjacent Gezi Park for two and a half weeks last month, police have maintained a heavy presence in Taksim Square and periodic clashes have erupted as demonstrators have returned to the square in protest of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey06.jpg ISTANBUL, TURKEY. A fragment of a poster of ataturk is seen in Gezi Park after 12 days of occupying the park after police retook the adjacent Taksim Square but left demonstrators in the park on June 13, 2013. Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan has offered a referendum on the park to residents of Istanbul, despite there being no law allowing for such practices, and telling demonstrators to evacuate the park as patience with the demonstration is over. ISTANBUL, TURKEY. A fragment of a poster of ataturk is seen in Gezi Park after 12 days of occupying the park after police retook the adjacent Taksim Square but left demonstrators in the park on June 13, 2013. Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan has offered a referendum on the park to residents of Istanbul, despite there being no law allowing for such practices, and telling demonstrators to evacuate the park as patience with the demonstration is over. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey03.jpg ISTANBUL, TURKEY. People are seen exiting to join the protests in Taksim Square at the Taksim metro station after a week of protests led to police being barricaded out of and withdrawing from the square as it transforms increasingly into a free, carnival-like zone on June 6, 2013. The crisis which began over construction of a park and plans to reconstruct Ottoman barracks and a shopping mall has evolved into Turkey's biggest political crisis in decades as Turks express frustration with the current AK Party, Justice and Development Party, and Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan. ISTANBUL, TURKEY. People are seen exiting to join the protests in Taksim Square at the Taksim metro station after a week of protests led to police being barricaded out of and withdrawing from the square as it transforms increasingly into a free, carnival-like zone on June 6, 2013. The crisis which began over construction of a park and plans to reconstruct Ottoman barracks and a shopping mall has evolved into Turkey's biggest political crisis in decades as Turks express frustration with the current AK Party, Justice and Development Party, and Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey09.jpg DIYARBAKIR, TURKEY. Men pray outside the Nebi mosque, an official Turkish mosque with an imam approved by the Turkish state, during Friday prayers on February 24, 2012. DIYARBAKIR, TURKEY. Men pray outside the Nebi mosque, an official Turkish mosque with an imam approved by the Turkish state, during Friday prayers on February 24, 2012. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey14.jpg ISTANBUL, TURKEY. A nationalist demonstrator marces up Istiklal Caddesi from Tunel in support of Ataturk's principles of a secular republic and against the ruling Justice and Development Party, AKP in Turkish, on Republic Day on October 29, 2012. ISTANBUL, TURKEY. A nationalist demonstrator marces up Istiklal Caddesi from Tunel in support of Ataturk's principles of a secular republic and against the ruling Justice and Development Party, AKP in Turkish, on Republic Day on October 29, 2012. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey20.jpg ISTANBUL, TURKEY. A woman prays as another checks her cell phone inside the Blue Mosque compound in the Sutanahment neighborhood on January 12, 2014. ISTANBUL, TURKEY. A woman prays as another checks her cell phone inside the Blue Mosque compound in the Sutanahment neighborhood on January 12, 2014. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey17.jpg ESKISEHIR, TURKEY. Members of the audience go wild during the Turkvision Song Contest semifinals at the Besyo Sport Stadium at Anadolu University on December 19, 2013. The Turkvision Song Contest is Turkey's pan-Turkic response to the Eurovision Song Contest and 2013 is its inaugural year; Turkey has a history of participating in Eurovision dating back to 1975 but withdrew from the competition in 2013 after not airing the contest and paying a fine in 2012 when the government cited an on-air lesbian kiss as being against Turkish values. ESKISEHIR, TURKEY. Members of the audience go wild during the Turkvision Song Contest semifinals at the Besyo Sport Stadium at Anadolu University on December 19, 2013. The Turkvision Song Contest is Turkey's pan-Turkic response to the Eurovision Song Contest and 2013 is its inaugural year; Turkey has a history of participating in Eurovision dating back to 1975 but withdrew from the competition in 2013 after not airing the contest and paying a fine in 2012 when the government cited an on-air lesbian kiss as being against Turkish values. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey07.jpg ISTANBUL, TURKEY. The interior of the upstairs balcony of the Surp Asdvadzadzin Armenian Catholic Church in Beyoglu on November 30, 2012. The church makes money by renting out space it owns in the neighboring building to a series of night clubs, including one gay club. ISTANBUL, TURKEY. The interior of the upstairs balcony of the Surp Asdvadzadzin Armenian Catholic Church in Beyoglu on November 30, 2012. The church makes money by renting out space it owns in the neighboring building to a series of night clubs, including one gay club. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey04.jpg ISTANBUL, TURKEY. Visitors are seen on the upper level of the Aya Sofya, formerly Hagia Sophia which was converted from church to mosque with the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453, on December 21, 2011. ISTANBUL, TURKEY. Visitors are seen on the upper level of the Aya Sofya, formerly Hagia Sophia which was converted from church to mosque with the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453, on December 21, 2011. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey19.jpg DIYARBAKIR, TURKEY. Mothers and family members of the disappeared protest the lack of information about their relatives' whereabouts on February 25, 2012. The mothers and families gather every Saturday at one p.m. in an effort to keep the memory of those who have disappeared in Turkey's dirty war against the Kurdish Workers' Party, PKK, guerrillas and their sympathizers alive. DIYARBAKIR, TURKEY. Mothers and family members of the disappeared protest the lack of information about their relatives' whereabouts on February 25, 2012. The mothers and families gather every Saturday at one p.m. in an effort to keep the memory of those who have disappeared in Turkey's dirty war against the Kurdish Workers' Party, PKK, guerrillas and their sympathizers alive. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey34.jpg FIS, TURKEY. Villagers eat lunch and drink tea in their home on February 24, 2012. Fis is known as one of the first meeting places of arrested Kurdish Workers' Party, PKK, guerrilla leader Abdullah Ocalan; Fis used to be home to 70 families but the Turkish military destroyed much of the town repeatedly in 1993-1994 in retalliatory strikes for the villagers show of sympathy to the PKK guerrillas who they provided food and shelter to ("They are our sons," in the words of one villager), and now only seven homes have been rebuilt in Fis after a period of forced exile from the village and everyone is too scared to provide their name. FIS, TURKEY. Villagers eat lunch and drink tea in their home on February 24, 2012. Fis is known as one of the first meeting places of arrested Kurdish Workers' Party, PKK, guerrilla leader Abdullah Ocalan; Fis used to be home to 70 families but the Turkish military destroyed much of the town repeatedly in 1993-1994 in retalliatory strikes for the villagers show of sympathy to the PKK guerrillas who they provided food and shelter to ("They are our sons," in the words of one villager), and now only seven homes have been rebuilt in Fis after a period of forced exile from the village and everyone is too scared to provide their name. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey21.jpg ISTANBUL, TURKEY. People push their way to receive a free Iftar dinner sponsored by the Beyoglu municipality in Taksim Square at the start of Ramadan on July 9, 2013. Since demonstrators occupied Gezi Park for two and a half weeks last month, police have maintained a heavy presence in Taksim Square and periodic clashes have erupted as demonstrators have returned to the square in protest of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan. ISTANBUL, TURKEY. People push their way to receive a free Iftar dinner sponsored by the Beyoglu municipality in Taksim Square at the start of Ramadan on July 9, 2013. Since demonstrators occupied Gezi Park for two and a half weeks last month, police have maintained a heavy presence in Taksim Square and periodic clashes have erupted as demonstrators have returned to the square in protest of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/rivkin_osf_refugees02.jpg GUVECCI, TURKEY. Syrians who fled from the year old rebellion against the rule of Bashar Al Assad in neighboring Syria sit in the home of a relative just across the border on February 27, 2012. Turkey has seen a continued influx of refugees from the Syrian conflict and border towns like Guvecci have watched as their populations have more than doubled. GUVECCI, TURKEY. Syrians who fled from the year old rebellion against the rule of Bashar Al Assad in neighboring Syria sit in the home of a relative just across the border on February 27, 2012. Turkey has seen a continued influx of refugees from the Syrian conflict and border towns like Guvecci have watched as their populations have more than doubled. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/rivkin_osf_refugees04.jpg KILIS, TURKEY. An outdoor cafe frequented by Syrians and others around the corner and down the street from the Otel Istanbul on April 4, 2013. At this moment, Kilis is crowded with Syrian refugees who have made temporary homes in available apartments, motel rooms, and wherever they can really. KILIS, TURKEY. An outdoor cafe frequented by Syrians and others around the corner and down the street from the Otel Istanbul on April 4, 2013. At this moment, Kilis is crowded with Syrian refugees who have made temporary homes in available apartments, motel rooms, and wherever they can really. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey18.jpg DIYARBAKIR, TURKEY. A young man receives a haircut in a hair salon in the old city on February 22, 2012. DIYARBAKIR, TURKEY. A young man receives a haircut in a hair salon in the old city on February 22, 2012. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey25.jpg ISTANBUL, TURKEY. Women are seen talking on their cell phones in the front row before the start of the Erol Albayrak Spring/Summer 2013 fashion show at Istanbul Fashion Week on October 11, 2012. ISTANBUL, TURKEY. Women are seen talking on their cell phones in the front row before the start of the Erol Albayrak Spring/Summer 2013 fashion show at Istanbul Fashion Week on October 11, 2012. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey26.jpg ISTANBUL, TURKEY. Women are seen admiring different fashions showcased in the entrance at Antreppo 3 after the Erol Albayrak fashion show during Istanbul Fashion Week on October 11, 2012. ISTANBUL, TURKEY. Women are seen admiring different fashions showcased in the entrance at Antreppo 3 after the Erol Albayrak fashion show during Istanbul Fashion Week on October 11, 2012. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey24.jpg ISTANBUL, TURKEY. A crowd gathers outside Antreppo 3, a warehouse-like facility on the Bosphorous in Tophane beside the Istanbul Modern art museum, after Simay Bulbul's Spring/Summer 2013 are seen at Istanbul Fashion Week on October 11, 2012. ISTANBUL, TURKEY. A crowd gathers outside Antreppo 3, a warehouse-like facility on the Bosphorous in Tophane beside the Istanbul Modern art museum, after Simay Bulbul's Spring/Summer 2013 are seen at Istanbul Fashion Week on October 11, 2012. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey27.jpg ISTANBUL, TURKEY. Two women are seen in the backseat of an SUV exiting Istanbul Fashion Week outside Antreppo 3, a warehouse-like venue on the Boshporous in Tophane, after the Soul by Ozgur Masur fashion show on October 12, 2012. ISTANBUL, TURKEY. Two women are seen in the backseat of an SUV exiting Istanbul Fashion Week outside Antreppo 3, a warehouse-like venue on the Boshporous in Tophane, after the Soul by Ozgur Masur fashion show on October 12, 2012. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey22.jpg ISTANBUL, TURKEY. People gather for Iftar dinner on newspapers on Istiklal Street in a show of solidarity with the demonstrators that had previously occupied Gezi Park at the start of Ramadan on July 9, 2013. Since demonstrators occupied Gezi Park for two and a half weeks last month, police have maintained a heavy presence in Taksim Square and periodic clashes have erupted as demonstrators have returned to the square in protest of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan. ISTANBUL, TURKEY. People gather for Iftar dinner on newspapers on Istiklal Street in a show of solidarity with the demonstrators that had previously occupied Gezi Park at the start of Ramadan on July 9, 2013. Since demonstrators occupied Gezi Park for two and a half weeks last month, police have maintained a heavy presence in Taksim Square and periodic clashes have erupted as demonstrators have returned to the square in protest of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey23.jpg ANKARA, TURKEY. People stage a sit-in against police brutality and the leadership of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan in the middle of Kennedy Street on July 11, 2013. ANKARA, TURKEY. People stage a sit-in against police brutality and the leadership of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan in the middle of Kennedy Street on July 11, 2013. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey30.jpg ISTANBUL, TURKEY. Near Taksim Square another mall project less controversial than the one that lead to protesters to occupy Gezi Park which is also part of the controversial Taksim renovation project is seen the afternoon after riot police moved to retake Taksim Square the night before on June 12, 2013. After 11 days of protest and occupying Gezi Park adjacent to Taksim Square, riot police firmly took control of Taksim Square with street battles on back streets occurring until the early hours of the morning and a few hundred demonstrators continuing to camp out in the adjacent Gezi Park. ISTANBUL, TURKEY. Near Taksim Square another mall project less controversial than the one that lead to protesters to occupy Gezi Park which is also part of the controversial Taksim renovation project is seen the afternoon after riot police moved to retake Taksim Square the night before on June 12, 2013. After 11 days of protest and occupying Gezi Park adjacent to Taksim Square, riot police firmly took control of Taksim Square with street battles on back streets occurring until the early hours of the morning and a few hundred demonstrators continuing to camp out in the adjacent Gezi Park. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey28.jpg ISTANBUL, TURKEY. Fisherman are seen on the Karakoy shore beside the Galata Bridge on January 11, 2014. ISTANBUL, TURKEY. Fisherman are seen on the Karakoy shore beside the Galata Bridge on January 11, 2014. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey32.jpg ERZURUM, TURKEY. A man enters the Lala Pasha Mosque before evening prayer on the first night of Ramadan on August 11, 2010. Erzurum is the first major city near the route of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline in Turkey, located just 10 kilometers from the pipeline which traverses numerous villages near the city's airport. ERZURUM, TURKEY. A man enters the Lala Pasha Mosque before evening prayer on the first night of Ramadan on August 11, 2010. Erzurum is the first major city near the route of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline in Turkey, located just 10 kilometers from the pipeline which traverses numerous villages near the city's airport. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey08.jpg DIYARBAKIR, TURKEY. A young girl plays with a stick on the street beside a kiln for making bread just beyond the old city wall as seen from the old city wall on February 24, 2012. Diyarbakir is home to approximately one million people, the majority of whom are Kurds, Turkey's largest ethnic minority. DIYARBAKIR, TURKEY. A young girl plays with a stick on the street beside a kiln for making bread just beyond the old city wall as seen from the old city wall on February 24, 2012. Diyarbakir is home to approximately one million people, the majority of whom are Kurds, Turkey's largest ethnic minority. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey33.jpg DIYARBAKIR, TURKEY. Children study Kurdish language and culture and are instructed on their rights by a teacher at the Astrid Lindgren Children's Literature and Culture Center on February 25, 2012. After nearly a century of forced assimilation policies in Turkey, many Kurds are standing up for their culture and language in a renewed bid for cultural, if not political, independence. DIYARBAKIR, TURKEY. Children study Kurdish language and culture and are instructed on their rights by a teacher at the Astrid Lindgren Children's Literature and Culture Center on February 25, 2012. After nearly a century of forced assimilation policies in Turkey, many Kurds are standing up for their culture and language in a renewed bid for cultural, if not political, independence. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey35.jpg DIYARBAKIR, TURKEY. A Kurdish woman reads from the Koran in her living room after having recently returned from a pilgrimmage to Mecca on February 28, 2012. DIYARBAKIR, TURKEY. A Kurdish woman reads from the Koran in her living room after having recently returned from a pilgrimmage to Mecca on February 28, 2012. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turkey36.jpg ISTANBUL, TURKEY. Women are seen standing on the ferry from the Prince's Islands to Karaköy on October 14, 2012. ISTANBUL, TURKEY. Women are seen standing on the ferry from the Prince's Islands to Karaköy on October 14, 2012. https://amandarivkin.com/turkey-gezi-uprising monthly 0.8 https://amandarivkin.com/home monthly 0.8 https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turbofolk01.jpg BELGRADE, SERBIA. A woman dances on the table at Jos Ovu Noc, a kafana, or bar with live turbofolk music that blares late into the night on July 2, 2015. Such clubs as showcases for turbofolk singers and bands have their origins along the Ibarska Magistrala highway which goes south from the capital towards the most traditional parts of Serbia. BELGRADE, SERBIA. A woman dances on the table at Jos Ovu Noc, a kafana, or bar with live turbofolk music that blares late into the night on July 2, 2015. Such clubs as showcases for turbofolk singers and bands have their origins along the Ibarska Magistrala highway which goes south from the capital towards the most traditional parts of Serbia. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turbofolk02.jpg BELGRADE, SERBIA. A couple making out in a quiet corner at Bard, a nightclub on a splav or barge on the Danube River, as Dara Bubamara belts out fast-paced turbofolk hits on July 8, 2015. Dara Bubamara's career extends back to 1989 when she got her start on television singing songs by Lepa Brena. BELGRADE, SERBIA. A couple making out in a quiet corner at Bard, a nightclub on a splav or barge on the Danube River, as Dara Bubamara belts out fast-paced turbofolk hits on July 8, 2015. Dara Bubamara's career extends back to 1989 when she got her start on television singing songs by Lepa Brena. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turbofolk04.jpg BELGRADE, SERBIA. A woman stands in front of the former Serbian Ministry of Defense (at left), formerly the Yugoslav Ministry of Defense, and the Army Headquarters (at right), which were hit by NATO bombs in 1999 during the conflict with Kosovo under former Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic, which have been left since as a morbid reminder of sorts of Serbia's recent past on Kneza Milosa on June 29, 2015. Part of the Army Headquarters building remains in use. BELGRADE, SERBIA. A woman stands in front of the former Serbian Ministry of Defense (at left), formerly the Yugoslav Ministry of Defense, and the Army Headquarters (at right), which were hit by NATO bombs in 1999 during the conflict with Kosovo under former Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic, which have been left since as a morbid reminder of sorts of Serbia's recent past on Kneza Milosa on June 29, 2015. Part of the Army Headquarters building remains in use. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turbofolk22.jpg BELGRADE, SERBIA. Young people, including a young man in a traditional Serbian hat dance and sing along in the front row as Aca Lukas performs at Mali Kalemegdan, the smaller section of the old fortress on July 11, 2015. Lukas, who often appears on stage with Ceca, the "mother of Serbia" and the biggest turbofolk star, was one of the first turbofolk stars to admit to using cocaine. BELGRADE, SERBIA. Young people, including a young man in a traditional Serbian hat dance and sing along in the front row as Aca Lukas performs at Mali Kalemegdan, the smaller section of the old fortress on July 11, 2015. Lukas, who often appears on stage with Ceca, the "mother of Serbia" and the biggest turbofolk star, was one of the first turbofolk stars to admit to using cocaine. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turbofolk03.jpg BELGRADE, SERBIA. Dara Bubamara performs onstage at Bard, a nightclub on a splav or barge on the Danube River, surrounded by bodyguards on July 8, 2015. Dara Bubamara's career extends back to 1989 when she got her start on television singing songs by Lepa Brena. BELGRADE, SERBIA. Dara Bubamara performs onstage at Bard, a nightclub on a splav or barge on the Danube River, surrounded by bodyguards on July 8, 2015. Dara Bubamara's career extends back to 1989 when she got her start on television singing songs by Lepa Brena. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turbofolk27.jpg BELGRADE, SERBIA. Serbian police in riot gear stand guard outside the Media Centar before a commemoration of the 20th anniversary of the Srebrenica massacre, widely labeled genocide in the eyes of International Criminal Court in The Hague and the international community, on July 11, 2015. Due to threats from nationalists, a planned die-in intended to represent the 8,000 who lost their lives in Srebrenica, Europe's largest postwar massacre, was cancelled and a much smaller commemoration of NGO officials was held at the Media Centar. BELGRADE, SERBIA. Serbian police in riot gear stand guard outside the Media Centar before a commemoration of the 20th anniversary of the Srebrenica massacre, widely labeled genocide in the eyes of International Criminal Court in The Hague and the international community, on July 11, 2015. Due to threats from nationalists, a planned die-in intended to represent the 8,000 who lost their lives in Srebrenica, Europe's largest postwar massacre, was cancelled and a much smaller commemoration of NGO officials was held at the Media Centar. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turbofolk09.jpg BELGRADE, SERBIA. Starlet, or aspiring star, Atina Ferrari, who appeared on the reality show "Parovi," which features many high end prostitutes and elements of the turbofolk lifestyle, at Jos Ovu Noc, a kafana, or bar with live turbofolk music that blares late into the night on July 2, 2015. Such clubs as showcases for turbofolk singers and bands have their origins along the Ibarska Magistrala highway which goes south from the capital towards the most traditional parts of Serbia; the turbofolk lifestyle and sound has evolved into one where "money is the justification," in the words of Radovan Kupres, former cultural programming director of tv station B92 who produced the documentary "All That Folk". BELGRADE, SERBIA. Starlet, or aspiring star, Atina Ferrari, who appeared on the reality show "Parovi," which features many high end prostitutes and elements of the turbofolk lifestyle, at Jos Ovu Noc, a kafana, or bar with live turbofolk music that blares late into the night on July 2, 2015. Such clubs as showcases for turbofolk singers and bands have their origins along the Ibarska Magistrala highway which goes south from the capital towards the most traditional parts of Serbia; the turbofolk lifestyle and sound has evolved into one where "money is the justification," in the words of Radovan Kupres, former cultural programming director of tv station B92 who produced the documentary "All That Folk". https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turbofolk05.jpg NIS, SERBIA. Vladislava Djuric, 30, holds her nationally famous icon of Svetlana Raznatovic, better known as Ceca, which garnered national headlines after pictures went viral of it taken during a student exhibition at Djuric's university, on July 10, 2015. Ceca, a turbofolk star better known as "the Mother of Serbia," was married to one of the Bosnian War's most notorious Serbian military commanders, Arkan, who was later assassinated, and was one of a rotating cast of turbofolk stars who gave daily concerts in Belgrade's Republic Square during the 1999 NATO bombing. NIS, SERBIA. Vladislava Djuric, 30, holds her nationally famous icon of Svetlana Raznatovic, better known as Ceca, which garnered national headlines after pictures went viral of it taken during a student exhibition at Djuric's university, on July 10, 2015. Ceca, a turbofolk star better known as "the Mother of Serbia," was married to one of the Bosnian War's most notorious Serbian military commanders, Arkan, who was later assassinated, and was one of a rotating cast of turbofolk stars who gave daily concerts in Belgrade's Republic Square during the 1999 NATO bombing. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turbofolk25.jpg SIMANOVCI, SERBIA. The stage the morning after the finale of "Pinkovi Zvezde" or "Pink Stars," an "American Idol"-style talent showcase on Pink TV, one of the two main TV stations dedicated to turbo folk music and other programming, at the main Pink TV studios on June 28, 2015. SIMANOVCI, SERBIA. The stage the morning after the finale of "Pinkovi Zvezde" or "Pink Stars," an "American Idol"-style talent showcase on Pink TV, one of the two main TV stations dedicated to turbo folk music and other programming, at the main Pink TV studios on June 28, 2015. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turbofolk37.jpg BELGRADE, SERBIA. (At center, in suit) Ekrem Jevric sings as Aleksandra Grdic gives a massage to a fellow cast member, as Saska Karan laughs on the couch and turbofolk star Dusica Grabovic looks on in laughter on the set of "Parovi," which features many starlets, turbofolk viral video stars and others part of the blingy new money turbo world, on September 10, 2015. Parovi is broadcast live twenty-four hours a day and along with shows like "Farm" and "Hotel Maldivi" populate the fodder for the tabloid press in Serbia. BELGRADE, SERBIA. (At center, in suit) Ekrem Jevric sings as Aleksandra Grdic gives a massage to a fellow cast member, as Saska Karan laughs on the couch and turbofolk star Dusica Grabovic looks on in laughter on the set of "Parovi," which features many starlets, turbofolk viral video stars and others part of the blingy new money turbo world, on September 10, 2015. Parovi is broadcast live twenty-four hours a day and along with shows like "Farm" and "Hotel Maldivi" populate the fodder for the tabloid press in Serbia. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turbofolk30.jpg JAGODINA, SERBIA. Jovanca, the giraffe in the Jagodina zoo, on September 10, 2015. Jovanca was a concession to powerful local mayor and don Dragan Markovic, also known as "Palma," a former close ally of former Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic, in order to gain his participation in the coalition government; Palma owns Palma TV which provided part of the turbofolk soundtrack to the 1990s and is close with several stars of the genre including Svetlana Raznatovic, better known as Ceca, and Aca Lukas. JAGODINA, SERBIA. Jovanca, the giraffe in the Jagodina zoo, on September 10, 2015. Jovanca was a concession to powerful local mayor and don Dragan Markovic, also known as "Palma," a former close ally of former Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic, in order to gain his participation in the coalition government; Palma owns Palma TV which provided part of the turbofolk soundtrack to the 1990s and is close with several stars of the genre including Svetlana Raznatovic, better known as Ceca, and Aca Lukas. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turbofolk07.jpg BELGRADE, SERBIA. Jelena Karleusa arrives in custom Versace according to her Instagram ahead of a concert on the splav, or barge, River on the night of July 3, 2015. Karleusa is the lone turbofolk star who has been outspoken on the issue of gay rights and many of her looks have been copied by the likes of Lady Gaga, Beyoncé, and Kim Kardashian; in an e-mail Karleusa declared she doesn't sing turbofolk music, despite having deep roots in the industry and coming up through the same television channels, venues and other mechanisms used to promote turbofolk, but refused repeated requests to clarify the description of her music. BELGRADE, SERBIA. Jelena Karleusa arrives in custom Versace according to her Instagram ahead of a concert on the splav, or barge, River on the night of July 3, 2015. Karleusa is the lone turbofolk star who has been outspoken on the issue of gay rights and many of her looks have been copied by the likes of Lady Gaga, Beyoncé, and Kim Kardashian; in an e-mail Karleusa declared she doesn't sing turbofolk music, despite having deep roots in the industry and coming up through the same television channels, venues and other mechanisms used to promote turbofolk, but refused repeated requests to clarify the description of her music. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turbofolk11.jpg BELGRADE, SERBIA. Members of the studio audience wait to enter the studio for a taping of "Zvezde Granda," or "Grand Stars," a premier turbofolk showcase on Serbian television, on July 1, 2015. Members of the studio audience are paid 500 dinars, approximately $5, a day for their role and participation in the tapings which last for hours. BELGRADE, SERBIA. Members of the studio audience wait to enter the studio for a taping of "Zvezde Granda," or "Grand Stars," a premier turbofolk showcase on Serbian television, on July 1, 2015. Members of the studio audience are paid 500 dinars, approximately $5, a day for their role and participation in the tapings which last for hours. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turbofolk21.jpg BELGRADE, SERBIA. (At left) Lepa Brena, one of the oldest and original turbofolk stars, during a performance on the set of "Zvezde Granda," or "Grand Stars," a premier turbofolk showcase on Serbian television station TV Prva, on July 1, 2015. During this particular taping of "Grand Stars," well known stars are singing with younger, lesser known stars with the goal of elevating their personality in public life. BELGRADE, SERBIA. (At left) Lepa Brena, one of the oldest and original turbofolk stars, during a performance on the set of "Zvezde Granda," or "Grand Stars," a premier turbofolk showcase on Serbian television station TV Prva, on July 1, 2015. During this particular taping of "Grand Stars," well known stars are singing with younger, lesser known stars with the goal of elevating their personality in public life. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turbofolk13.jpg BELGRADE, SERBIA. Members of the studio audience applaud their favorite stars turbofolk hits on the set of "Zvezde Granda," or "Grand Stars," a premier turbofolk showcase on Serbian television station TV Prva, on July 1, 2015. Members of the studio audience are paid 500 dinars, approximately $5, a day for their role and participation in the tapings which last for hours. BELGRADE, SERBIA. Members of the studio audience applaud their favorite stars turbofolk hits on the set of "Zvezde Granda," or "Grand Stars," a premier turbofolk showcase on Serbian television station TV Prva, on July 1, 2015. Members of the studio audience are paid 500 dinars, approximately $5, a day for their role and participation in the tapings which last for hours. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turbofolk24.jpg BELGRADE, SERBIA. A woman and a young man in the audience react to watching Aca Lukas performs at Mali Kalemegdan, the smaller section of the old fortress on July 11, 2015. Lukas, who often appears on stage with Ceca, the "mother of Serbia" and the biggest turbofolk star, was one of the first turbofolk stars to admit to using cocaine. BELGRADE, SERBIA. A woman and a young man in the audience react to watching Aca Lukas performs at Mali Kalemegdan, the smaller section of the old fortress on July 11, 2015. Lukas, who often appears on stage with Ceca, the "mother of Serbia" and the biggest turbofolk star, was one of the first turbofolk stars to admit to using cocaine. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turbofolk08.jpg BELGRADE, SERBIA. Clubgoers at Bard, a nightclub on a splav or barge on the Danube River, toast on the main dance floor of the club as Dara Bubamara sings fast-paced turbofolk hits on July 8, 2015. Dara Bubamara's career extends back to 1989 when she got her start on television singing songs by Lepa Brena. BELGRADE, SERBIA. Clubgoers at Bard, a nightclub on a splav or barge on the Danube River, toast on the main dance floor of the club as Dara Bubamara sings fast-paced turbofolk hits on July 8, 2015. Dara Bubamara's career extends back to 1989 when she got her start on television singing songs by Lepa Brena. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turbofolk18.jpg SIMANOVCI, SERBIA. Girls who will dance on stage during the taping of the finale of "Pinkove Zvezdice," or "Little Pink Stars," wait backstage at the Pink TV studios before the finale on July 4, 2015. "Pinkove Zvezdice," is the junior program of "Pinkove Zvezde," the premier turbofolk showcase on Pink TV, one of the primary networks showcasing turbofolk, although the child contestants on "Pinkove Zvezdice" are more likely to sing classic pop songs than anything regional. SIMANOVCI, SERBIA. Girls who will dance on stage during the taping of the finale of "Pinkove Zvezdice," or "Little Pink Stars," wait backstage at the Pink TV studios before the finale on July 4, 2015. "Pinkove Zvezdice," is the junior program of "Pinkove Zvezde," the premier turbofolk showcase on Pink TV, one of the primary networks showcasing turbofolk, although the child contestants on "Pinkove Zvezdice" are more likely to sing classic pop songs than anything regional. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turbofolk35.jpg BELGRADE, SERBIA. A door guard objects to photos as young women wait to enter River, a club on a splav, or barge, on the Sava River ahead of a concert by Jelena Karleusa on the night of July 3, 2015. The splavs along the Sava and Danube Rivers are the epicenter of Belgrade's raging all night club scene; Karleusa is one of two of the turbofolk industry's greatest stars and certainly its most outspoken liberal voice and advocate for the gay community. BELGRADE, SERBIA. A door guard objects to photos as young women wait to enter River, a club on a splav, or barge, on the Sava River ahead of a concert by Jelena Karleusa on the night of July 3, 2015. The splavs along the Sava and Danube Rivers are the epicenter of Belgrade's raging all night club scene; Karleusa is one of two of the turbofolk industry's greatest stars and certainly its most outspoken liberal voice and advocate for the gay community. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turbofolk36.jpg BELGRADE, SERBIA. A clubgoer at Bard, a nightclub on a splav or barge on the Danube River, dances to fast-paced turbofolk hits by Dara Bubamara on the main dance floor of the club on July 8, 2015. Dara Bubamara's career extends back to 1989 when she got her start on television singing songs by Lepa Brena. BELGRADE, SERBIA. A clubgoer at Bard, a nightclub on a splav or barge on the Danube River, dances to fast-paced turbofolk hits by Dara Bubamara on the main dance floor of the club on July 8, 2015. Dara Bubamara's career extends back to 1989 when she got her start on television singing songs by Lepa Brena. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/turbofolk32.jpg BELGRADE, SERBIA. Members of the studio audience sing along to their favorite stars turbofolk hits on the set of "Zvezde Granda," or "Grand Stars," a premier turbofolk showcase on Serbian television station TV Prva, on July 1, 2015. Members of the studio audience are paid 500 dinars, approximately $5, a day for their role and participation in the tapings which last for hours. BELGRADE, SERBIA. Members of the studio audience sing along to their favorite stars turbofolk hits on the set of "Zvezde Granda," or "Grand Stars," a premier turbofolk showcase on Serbian television station TV Prva, on July 1, 2015. Members of the studio audience are paid 500 dinars, approximately $5, a day for their role and participation in the tapings which last for hours. https://cdn.neonsky.app/4bd5ebfae2643/images/rivkin_wpp_turbofolk15.jpg BELGRADE, SERBIA. Vesna Zmijanac, an aging star whose career extends back to the 1980s even before the advent of the music known as "turbofolk" and former mistress of the head of Serbian state television during the 1990s, smokes backstage after a performance on the set of "Zvezde Granda," or "Grand Stars," a premier turbofolk showcase on Serbian television station TV Prva, on July 1, 2015. Zmijanac's daughter Nikolija is a rising star of the turbofolk scene today. BELGRADE, SERBIA. Vesna Zmijanac, an aging star whose career extends back to the 1980s even before the advent of the music known as "turbofolk" and former mistress of the head of Serbian state television during the 1990s, smokes backstage after a performance on the set of "Zvezde Granda," or "Grand Stars," a premier turbofolk showcase on Serbian television station TV Prva, on July 1, 2015. Zmijanac's daughter Nikolija is a rising star of the turbofolk scene today. https://amandarivkin.com/postwar-bosnia-reconstruction monthly 0.8 https://amandarivkin.com/prague-stag-nights monthly 0.8 https://amandarivkin.com/trumpistan monthly 0.8 https://amandarivkin.com/chicago-police-torture-survivors monthly 0.8 https://amandarivkin.com/sustenance:-chicago-+-the-food-chain monthly 0.8 https://amandarivkin.com/portraits monthly 0.8 https://amandarivkin.com/tearsheets monthly 0.8